What Is an ITIN?
Definition
An Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) is a 9-digit number issued by the IRS to people who need to file U.S. taxes but are not eligible for a Social Security Number (SSN). It always starts with the number 9 — for example: 9XX-XX-XXXX.
The IRS created the ITIN program in 1996 so that everyone with income in the U.S. — regardless of immigration status — could fulfill their tax obligations. It is issued purely for tax purposes and does not grant work authorization, change your immigration status, or make you eligible for Social Security benefits.
Importantly, you can apply for an ITIN regardless of your immigration status. Undocumented immigrants, visa holders, non-resident aliens, and their dependents may all qualify.
What Is an ITIN Used For?
While the ITIN was created for tax filing, it has become a critical tool for building a financial life in the U.S. Here is what it unlocks:
Filing Federal Tax Returns
Report your income to the IRS and stay compliant with U.S. tax law, even without an SSN.
Opening a Bank Account
Many banks and credit unions accept an ITIN in place of an SSN to open checking and savings accounts.
Building Credit
Apply for secured credit cards and credit-builder loans using your ITIN to establish a U.S. credit history.
Applying for a Mortgage
Some lenders offer ITIN mortgage loans, allowing you to purchase a home without an SSN.
College Financial Aid
Required for the California DREAM Act application and some state-based financial aid programs.
Claiming Tax Refunds
If you overpaid taxes, an ITIN lets you claim a refund — money you are owed back from the IRS.
⚠ What an ITIN Does NOT Do
An ITIN does not authorize you to work in the U.S., make you eligible for Social Security benefits, qualify you for the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), or change your immigration status in any way. It is a tax number only.
Requirements to Get an ITIN
To qualify for an ITIN in 2026, you must meet all three of the following conditions:
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1You are not eligible for a Social Security Number U.S. citizens and permanent residents (green card holders) must use an SSN. If you can legally get an SSN, you cannot apply for an ITIN.
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2You have a federal tax filing requirement You must have a legitimate reason to file a U.S. federal tax return — such as earned income, investment income, or claiming a tax benefit. In most cases you will attach a tax return to your application.
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3You can provide proof of identity and foreign status You must submit original documents (or certified copies) proving who you are and that you are not a U.S. citizen. A passport is the only single document that satisfies both requirements.
💡 Good to Know
Immigration status does not disqualify you. The IRS explicitly states that ITINs are issued regardless of immigration status. Both undocumented immigrants and those with valid visas may apply.
Accepted Identity Documents
The IRS accepts 13 specific documents. You must provide originals or certified copies — photocopies are not accepted. A passport is the easiest option because it proves both identity and foreign status by itself.
| Document | Proves Identity | Proves Foreign Status |
|---|---|---|
| Passport Best Option | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes |
| National ID Card (with photo, address, DOB, expiration) | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes |
| U.S. Driver's License | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| Civil Birth Certificate | ❌ No | ✅ Yes |
| U.S. State ID Card | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| Foreign Driver's License | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| USCIS Photo ID | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes |
| U.S. Military ID | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| Foreign Military ID | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes |
| Visa | ❌ No | ✅ Yes |
| U.S. Medical Record (dependents under 6 only) | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| U.S. School Record (dependents under 18 only) | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
If you do not have a passport, you must submit at least two documents — one proving identity and one proving foreign status. At least one document must include a photo.
⚠ Protect Your Documents
If you mail your application, the IRS will return your original documents within 60 days. If you are uncomfortable mailing your passport, apply in person at an IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center or through a Certifying Acceptance Agent (CAA) — they can review your originals and send certified copies so your passport never leaves your hands.
How to Apply — 3 Methods
There are three ways to submit your ITIN application. All require Form W-7, which you can download free from IRS.gov. Applying directly through the IRS is completely free.
By Mail
Complete Form W-7, attach your tax return, and mail your original documents to the IRS ITIN Operations in Austin, TX. Processing takes 7–11 weeks. Your documents will be returned to you by mail.
In Person at an IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center (TAC)
Visit an IRS TAC location with your documents. They authenticate everything on the spot so you do not have to mail originals. Find your nearest location at IRS.gov/TAC. Free, no appointment fee.
Through a Certifying Acceptance Agent (CAA)
CAAs are IRS-authorized individuals and organizations who can verify your documents and submit your application. Many nonprofit organizations offer this service free of charge. Paid CAAs typically charge $50–$150. This is the safest option for protecting your passport. Find a CAA at IRS.gov.
💡 Processing Time
Expect 7 weeks outside of tax season. During January 15 – April 30, it can take 9–11 weeks. You will receive a CP565 notice in the mail when your ITIN is assigned. Keep this notice — it is your official ITIN record.
Keep Your ITIN Active
An ITIN expires if it has not been used on a federal tax return for three consecutive years. If your ITIN expires, it will create problems with your credit history and any accounts linked to it. To keep it active, file a tax return at least once every three years — even a simple one.
If your ITIN has already expired, you can renew it by submitting a new Form W-7 with the required documents. Renewal does not change your ITIN number.